The 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi devastated Rwanda, but the nation has since transitioned from crisis to development, significantly transforming its education system. Under Vision 2050, Rwanda aims for a market-driven, competence-based education system. Key reforms include fee-free basic education, a competence-based curriculum, equity improvements, infrastructure expansion, and comprehensive assessments. While Rwanda achieved a 99% primary enrolment rate, completion rates and foundational literacy and numeracy remain low, with only 16% of students meeting 2019 reading benchmarks.

Recent efforts to improve education quality include constructing 22,000 classrooms, recruiting 44,000 teachers, and significantly increasing teacher salaries. Despite these advances, challenges persist in teacher quality, supervision, and the effective use of assessments. The report recommends a focused implementation strategy targeting teaching and learning, teacher support, supervision, and assessment. Additional key recommendations include enhancing teacher training in competence-based curriculum, offering financial incentives tied to learning outcomes, focusing supervision on pedagogical practices, and strengthening formative assessment systems.

By addressing these areas, Rwanda aims to improve educational quality and foundational learning outcomes. The success of these initiatives is crucial for achieving its sustainable development and the empowerment of its future generations.