The Government of Rwanda has committed to developing a knowledge-based economy over the past 23 years, focusing on equipping its population with relevant skills to transition from a low-income to a middle-income status by 2020. This commitment is reflected in Vision 2020 and the EDPRS II, which emphasize creating 200,000 new jobs annually and transforming the economy to reduce reliance on agriculture. The introduction of a competence-based curriculum and Competency-Based Training/Assessment (CBT/CBA) in technical and vocational education aims to address skills gaps and meet labor market demands.

Rwanda's youth, redefined as individuals aged 16–30, are central to this transformation. National policies, including Vision 2020, SDGs, and the 7YGP, prioritize youth development, emphasizing vocational training and skills for employment. Regional integration initiatives, such as those under EAC, further support skills development and economic opportunities.

Despite efforts, challenges persist in matching skills with market needs. Key achievements in youth development include youth employment centers and access to finance programs. Initiatives focus on increasing technical and vocational education, fostering entrepreneurship, and enhancing employability through internships and industrial attachments. Skills development is a comprehensive process starting in early childhood, with education quality being a key focus.