The document examines the progressive shift from TVET to TVSD with a focus on training for trainers and entrepreneurs (TTE) in Africa. TVET traditionally involved structured, formal education aimed at providing specific technical skills, while TVSD integrates formal, non-formal, and informal learning to better address the diverse and evolving skills needs of Africa’s workforce, reflecting a shift towards a more inclusive approach that encompasses lifelong learning.

The review highlights the crucial role of trainers and entrepreneurs in this transition. Trainers are responsible for delivering educational content and entrepreneurs provide practical training in various informal settings. The study outlines current challenges in TTE, including insufficient resources, fragmented management, outdated pedagogical approaches, dearth of empirical data, lack of a gendered approach to recognize the many women in the informal sector, and limited formal recognition and support for informal training sectors, which are vital in many African countries.

The review explores the international discourse that emphasizes the need for enhanced TVSD policies and funding, stresses adapting to rapidly changing occupational demands and integrating ICT for effective training. It underscores the need for systematic evaluations and improved public policies to support both trainers and entrepreneurs in fostering sustainable economic growth and skills development in Africa.